IL-4 in the brain: a cytokine to remember.
نویسندگان
چکیده
IL-4 has been extensively studied in the context of its role in immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates, however, that it also plays a critical role in higher functions of the normal brain, such as memory and learning. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the basic immunology of IL-4, describe how and where this cytokine appears to operate in normal brain function, and propose a hypothesis concerning its potential role in neurological pathologies.
منابع مشابه
P 123: A Promising Approach in Inflammation Management, Cytokine Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive and other CNS impairments which is increasing worldwide and poses a major public health problem, yet no effective treatments are found and available drugs only alleviate the symptoms temporarily. Postmortem analyses on the brains of AD patients and observed lower risk of AD in NSAIDs users among other studi...
متن کاملThe Effect of Enalapril on Brain Edema and Cytokine Production Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
Introduction: Cytokines production as one of the inflammatory pathways in CNS is responsible for most brain damages following ischemia. On the other hand, during inflammation and brain ischemia, most of the renin- angiotensin components (RAS) increase locally. While it is established that blockade of RAS especially AT1 receptors has a protective effect on ischemia, the interaction of cytokines ...
متن کاملNeuroprotective Effects of Berberine After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Rats: The Role of IL-1β and IL 10
Background and purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young people. Berberine is a flavonoid rich in barberries and many traditional Iranian herbal remedies that could be used in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These properties make it a viable treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the neuroprotective ac...
متن کاملDetection of IL-20R1 and IL-20R2 mRNA in C57BL/6 Mice Astroglial Cells and Brain Cortex Following LPS Stimulation
Background: Astrocytes, which comprise ~90% of overall brain mass, are involved in brain immunity. These cells represent the non-professional class of CNS-resident APCs and may promote or inhibit CNS inflammation depending on the cytokines they secrete. IL-10 family of cytokines and their receptors, IL-20R1 and IL-20R2, may have a role in shifting astrocytes to a neuroprotective or neurodegener...
متن کاملChanges in some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells following foot and mouth disease vaccination
Interleukin (IL)-17 is exclusively produced by CD4 helper T-cells upon activation. It most often acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In this study, we studied the in-vitro IL-17 response to specific antigens and a variety of mitogens and compared the IL-1...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of immunology
دوره 189 9 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012